Mandela praised Cuba's involvement in battling South Africa during the Angolan Civil War and thanked Castro personally. [178] Fearing counter-revolutionary elements in the army, the government created a People's Militia to arm citizens favourable to the revolution, training at least 50,000 civilians in combat techniques. A number of senior military officers, including Ochoa and Tony de la Guardia, were investigated for corruption and complicity in cocaine smuggling, tried, and executed in 1989, despite calls for leniency. Donald Trump restored some of the commercial and diplomatic restrictions that had been lifted under Obama. [524] Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi termed him "one of the most iconic personalities of the 20th century" and a "great friend", while South African President Jacob Zuma praised Castro for aiding black South Africans in "our struggle against apartheid". Political scientist Paul C. Sondrol has described Castro's approach to politics as "totalitarian utopianism",[394] with a style of leadership that drew upon the wider Latin American phenomenon of the caudillo. Indeed, Castros philosophy gravitated toward a Leninist strain of Marxism as his rule progressed, although his beliefs differentiated themselves in some key ways, such as his identification with nonaligned countries and his celebration of guerrilla-style revolution. His parents divorced and . [148] After conservative press expressed hostility towards the government, the pro-Castro printers' trade union disrupted editorial staff, and in January 1960 the government ordered them to publish a "clarification" written by the printers' union at the end of articles critical of the government. The Canadian government denied it, Cuba has never claimed it and Trudeau's parents never visited Cuba until several years after Justin Trudeau was born. Some politicians suggested an amnesty would be good publicity, and the Congress and Batista agreed. He ran for the House of Representatives, winning a . He provided them with a budget of $13million and permitted them to ally with the Mafia, who were aggrieved that Castro's government closed down their brothel and casino businesses in Cuba. In 1945, Castro began studying law at the University of Havana. In 1978 Cuban troops assisted Ethiopia in repelling an invasion by Somalia. Political scientist Paul C. Sondrol characterized Castro as "quintessentially totalitarian in his charismatic appeal, utopian functional role and public, transformative utilisation of power". [208][209] Castro was left out of the negotiations, in which Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for a US commitment not to invade Cuba and an understanding that the US would remove their MRBMs from Turkey and Italy. [75] Meanwhile, Castro's wife Mirta gained employment in the Ministry of the Interior, something he discovered through a radio announcement. [54] Castro stockpiled weapons for a planned attack on the Moncada Barracks, a military garrison outside Santiago de Cuba, Oriente. [17], In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People (or Orthodox Party; Partido Ortodoxo), founded by veteran politician Eduardo Chibs. In their view, he should be "applauded" for his regime's "substantial improvements" to healthcare and education, but criticized for its "ruthless suppression of freedom of expression. The protests dispersed with no recorded injuries. State media frequently published details of his attempts to breed cows with increased milk yields. [221] In October 1965, the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations was officially renamed the "Cuban Communist Party" and published the membership of its Central Committee.[222].

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