2006). Because of the timeframe of proposal implementation and effects on health, outcome evaluation often requires a long-term research commitment. The Affordable Care Act requires all nonprofit hospitals to complete a community health needs assessment (CHNA) process every three years. For example, rather than providing an estimate of lung-cancer rates in a small community, an HIA might identify smoking rates and important sources of airborne pollutants in the communitys airshed. Conversely, to have the greatest relevance as an informational and planning document and to ensure judicious use of resources, the HIA should ultimately focus on the health effects of greatest potential importance. The assessment phase includes two tasks. Agreeing on a target population. Frank DA, Neault NB, Skalicky A, Cook JT, Wilson JD, Levenson S, Meyers AF, Heeren T, Cutts DB, Casey PH, Black MM, Berkowitz C. Heat or eat: The Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program and nutritional and health risks among children less than 3 years of age. Saving Lives, Protecting People. A number of corporations and professional associations, such as the International Committee on Mining and Metals and the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers, have guidance for HIA, but relatively few completed industry-led HIAs or environmental, social, and health impact assessments are available on the Internet or on public Web sites that catalog HIA activity. A screening recommendationfor example, no further action required; no HIA, but health advice and input to be offered in an alternative way; or proceed with HIA. Identifying high-priority issues has been addressed in numerous contexts outside HIA, including human-health and ecologic risk assessment (see, for example, EPA 1989, 1992; NRC 1996, 2009). In 1998, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) completed a Northeast National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Integrated Activity Plan/Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Calculations were conducted to develop a vulnerability score. Several approaches for scoping are available. The various categories of HIAs, although useful for describing distinct themes in the field, do not necessarily represent consistently distinct strains of practice. Some use pertinent screening questions, such as the ones noted, and apply a sequential yes-no query to each (Cole et al. A growing population of families that have children. A community health improvement plan (or CHIP) is a long-term, systematic effort to address public health problems based on the results of community health assessment activities and the community health improvement process. A smaller set of related indicators was endorsed for use in monitoring key elements of community health status (CDC, 1991). Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Before discussing the various elements of HIA, it is important to understand the context in which HIA is undertaken in the United States. Use of health impact assessment in incorporating health considerations in decision making. A preliminary opinion regarding the potential importance of the proposal for health. The potential for health effects to place a disproportionate burden on or substantially benefit vulnerable populations.

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