Gaius Julius Caesar was a crafty military leader who rose through the ranksof the Roman Republic, ultimately declaring himselfdictator for life and shaking the foundations of Rome itself. Caesar's actions threatened to end the Republic once and for all. When his rivals in Rome demanded he return as a private citizen, he used these riches to support his army and marched them across the Rubicon River, crossing from Gaul into Italy. Julius Caesar transformed Rome from a republic to an empire, grabbing power through ambitious political reforms. This campaign was very difficult for Caesar and he was lucky to escape a decisive defeat. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. ), grew increasingly hostile to each other. Caesar began his military career at the Siege of Mytilene in 81 BC The island city, situated on Lesbos, was suspected of helping local pirates. He was a member of the Populares Party and he was eventually able to secure leadership of this political group. Set in 44 B.C., it tells the story of a Roman politician named Brutus who plots with others to assassinate Caesar. His father died when he was 16, but he received significant support from his mother. ("and you, Brutus?") Caesar began making several drastic reforms to benefit Romes lower- and middle-class, including: Many people still consider Caesar a great leader with keen insights into human nature. Please select which sections you would like to print: Director of Studies, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 192555. Caesar, unlike Pompey, was born into a patrician , or ruling class, family. [11] This was based largely on his military prowess and his success on countless battlefields around Europe and the Middle East. He continued his campaigns and at the Battle of Alessia, he won a decisive victory that ended the conflict in Britain. En route he was captured by pirates (one of the symptoms of the anarchy into which the Roman nobility had allowed the Mediterranean world to fall). bce, Rome [Italy]died March 15, 44 bce, Rome), celebrated Roman general and statesman, the conqueror of Gaul (5850 bce), victor in the civil war of 4945 bce, and dictator (4644 bce), who was launching a series of political and social reforms when he was assassinated by a group of nobles in the Senate House on the Ides of March. Young Caesar soon found himself in the middle of a power struggle between two factions in the government. 27 Jul 2018 Julius Caesar's rise to power did not come easy. Many people still consider Caesar a great leader with keen insights into human nature. The conqueror of the Gauls maneuvered Pompey into a battle at Pharsalus in modern Greece. He became military tribune and then quaestor of a Roman province in 69 B.C., the same year his wife Cornelia died. Julius Caesar was a political and military genius who overthrew Romes decaying political order and replaced it with a dictatorship. It also portrays Caesars brutal murder and the aftermath. Rome's next government served as a representative democracy in the form of a republic. Caesar knew he was vulnerable and that many in Italy hated him, despite his generally tolerant and benign rule.

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