training. included a central plaza, generally with a public water fountain known as Although your article is very interesting, you fail to mention Miguel Angel Asturias, who in 1966 won the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Union, and in 1967 the Nobel Prize of Literature. thanks so much!!! The national university, San Carlos, has until recently had free tuition, ), total subscriptions: 2,319,643 (2021 est. ), conventional long form: Republic of Guatemalaconventional short form: Guatemalalocal long form: Repblica de Guatemalalocal short form: Guatemalaetymology: the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called "Quauhtemallan" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means "land of trees" or "forested land", but which the Spanish pronounced "Guatemala"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country, name: Guatemala Citygeographic coordinates: 14 37 N, 90 31 Wtime difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: the Spanish conquistadors used many native Americans as allies in their conquest of Guatemala; the site of their first capital (established in 1524), a former Maya settlement, was called "Quauhtemallan" by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies, a name that means "land of trees" or "forested land", but which the Spanish pronounced "Guatemala"; the Spanish applied that name to a re-founded capital city three years later and eventually it became the name of the country, 22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa, history: several previous; latest adopted 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended and reinstated in 1994amendments: proposed by the president of the republic, by agreement of 10 or more deputies of Congress, by the Constitutional Court, or by public petition of at least 5,000 citizens; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Congress membership and approval by public referendum, referred to as "popular consultation"; constitutional articles such as national sovereignty, the republican form of government, limitations on those seeking the presidency, or presidential tenure cannot be amended; amended 1993, civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years with no absences of six consecutive months or longer or absences totaling more than a year, 18 years of age; universal; note - active duty members of the armed forces and police by law cannot vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day, chief of state: President Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (since 14 January 2020); Vice PresidentCesar Guillermo CASTILLO Reyes(since 14 January 2020); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (since 14 January 2020); Vice PresidentCesar Guillermo CASTILLO Reyes(since 14 January 2020)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (not eligible for consecutive terms); election last held on 16 June 2019 with a runoff on 11 August 2019 (next to be held in June 2023)election results: 2019: Alejandro GIAMMATTEI elected president; percent of vote in first round - Sandra TORRES (UNE) 25.5%, Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 14%, Edmond MULET (PHG) 11.2%, Thelma CABRERA (MLP) 10.4%, Roberto ARZU (PAN-PODEMOS) 6.1%, other 32.8%; percent of vote in second round - Alejandro GIAMMATTEI (VAMOS) 58%, Sandra TORRES (UNE) 42%2015: Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera (FNC) 23.9%, Sandra TORRES (UNE) 19.8%, Manuel BALDIZON (LIDER) 19.6%, other 36.7%; percent of vote in second round - Jimmy Ernesto MORALES Cabrera 67.4%, Sandra TORRES 32.6%, description: unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la Republica (160 seats; 128 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies in the country's 22 departments and 32 directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote, using the D'Hondt method; members serve 4-year terms)elections: last held on 16 June 2019 (next to be held on June 2023)election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UNE 52, VAMOS 17, UCN 12, VALOR 9, BIEN 8, FCN-NACION 8, SEMILLA 7, TODOS 7, VIVA 7, CREO 6, PHG 6, VICTORIA 4, Winaq 4, PC 3, PU 3, URNG 3, PAN 2, MLP 1, PODEMOS 1; composition - men 129, women 31, percent of women 19.4%, highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of 13 magistrates, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - the court president also supervises trial judges countrywide; note - the Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitucionalidad of Guatemala resides outside the country's judicial system; its sole purpose is the interpretation of the constitution and to see that the laws and regulations are not superior to the constitution (consists of 5 titular magistrates and 5 substitute magistrates)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court magistrates elected by the Congress of the Republic from candidates proposed by the Postulation Committee, an independent body of deans of the country's university law schools, representatives of the country's law associations, and representatives of the Courts of Appeal; magistrates elected for concurrent, renewable 5-year terms; Constitutional Court judges - 1 elected by the Congress of the Republic, 1 by the Supreme Court, 1 by the president of the republic, 1 by the (public) University of San Carlos, and 1 by the Assembly of the College of Attorneys and Notaries; judges elected for renewable, consecutive 5-year terms; the presidency of the court rotates among the magistrates for a single 1-year termsubordinate courts: Appellate Courts of Accounts, Contentious Administrative Tribunal, courts of appeal, first instance courts, child and adolescence courts, minor or peace courts, Bienestar Nacional or BIEN [Fidel REYES LEE]Citizen Prosperity or PC [Hernan MEJIA and Jorge GARCIA SILVA]Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO [Rodolfo NEUTZE]Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS [Felipe ALEJOS]Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG-MAIZ or URNG [Walter FELIX]Humanist Party of Guatemala or PHG [Rudio MERIDA]Movement for the Liberation of Peoples or MLP [Thelma CABRERA and Vincenta JERONIMO]Movimiento Semilla or SEMILLA [Samuel PEREZ Alvarez]National Advancement Party or PAN [Manuel CONDE]National Convergence Front or FCN-NACION [Javier HERNANDEZ]National Unity for Hope or UNE [Sandra TORRES and Jorge VARGAS]Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Carlos ROJAS and Sofia HERNANDEZ] (dissolved 16 December 2021)PODEMOS [Jose LEON]Political Movement Winaq or Winaq [Sonia GUTIERREZ Raguay]Value or VALOR [Zury RIOS and Lucrecia MARROQUIN]Vamos por una Guatemala Diferente or VAMOS [Alejandro GIAMMATTEI]Victory or VICTORIA [Abraham RIVERA and his four sons Amilcar, Juan, Manuel, and Edgar]Vision with Values or VIVA [Armando Damian CASTILLO Alvarado], BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Alfonso Jose QUINONEZ LEMUS (since 17 July 2020)chancery: 2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 745-4953FAX: [1] (202) 745-1908email address and website: infoembaguateeuu@minex.gob.gtconsulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Del Rio (TX), Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, McAllen (TX), Miami, New York, Oklahoma City, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Providence (RI), Raleigh (NC), San Bernardino (CA), San Francisco, Seattleconsulate(s): Lake Worth (FL), Silver Spring (MD), Tucson (AZ), chief of mission: Ambassador William W. POPP (since 13 August 2020)embassy: Avenida Reforma 7-01, Zone 10, Guatemala Citymailing address: 3190 Guatemala Place, Washington DC 20521-3190telephone: [502] 2326-4000FAX: [502] 2326-4654email address and website: AmCitsGuatemala@state.govhttps://gt.usembassy.gov/, three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue, with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) representing liberty and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles signifying Guatemala's willingness to defend itself and a pair of crossed swords representing honor and framed by a laurel wreath symbolizing victory; the blue bands represent the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea; the white band denotes peace and puritynote: one of only two national flags featuring a firearm, the other is Mozambique, quetzal (bird); national colors: blue, white, name: "Himno Nacional de Guatemala" (National Anthem of Guatemala)lyrics/music: Jose Joaquin PALMA/Rafael Alvarez OVALLEnote: adopted 1897, modified lyrics adopted 1934; Cuban poet Jose Joaquin PALMA anonymously submitted lyrics to a public contest calling for a national anthem; his authorship was not discovered until 1911, total World Heritage Sites: 3 (2 cultural, 1 mixed)selected World Heritage Site locales: Antigua Guatemala (c); Tikal National Park (m); Archaeological Park and Ruins of Quirigua (c), growing Central American economy; unique South Korean business relations; high poverty, inequality, and malnutrition; low government revenues impede educational, sanitation, and healthcare efforts; high migration, child labor, and remittances, $152.734 billion (2021 est.

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