[26], The promise of these amendments was eroded by state laws and federal court decisions throughout the late 19th century before being restored in the second half of the twentieth century. The Citizenship Clause provides a broad definition of citizenship, overruling the Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which had held that Americans descended from Africans could not be citizens of the United States. The Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) - ThoughtCo The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, prevents the denial of a citizens vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The 19th Amendment: How Women Won the Vote. For example, in the landmark decisions of Brown v. Board of Education segregation was classified as unconstitutional because a separate but equal school system could never be truly equal and that this State-sanctioned inequality violated citizens rights to life, liberty, or property. However, the Supreme Court ruled that this Amendment only affected public entities and could not address the denial of citizenship or rights performed by private citizens. (Note: slaves that were employed by Union aligned masters or in Union-aligned states were not Emancipated) This proclamation helped inhibit the Confederacy from, legitimacy from foreign powers, such as England and France who were both antislavery. The 14th Amendment changed a portion of Article I, Section 2. SECTION. Reconstruction Panorama: Reconstruction post-Civil War scene advertising poster. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, The Reconstruction Amendments were passed to: abolish slavery and protect the rights of former slaves. By the mid-1870s, however, extremist forcessuch as the Ku Klux Klansucceeded in restoring many aspects of white supremacy in the South. Under the plan, if one-tenth of a Confederate states prewar voters signed an oath of loyalty to the Union, they be would be allowed to form a new state government with the same constitutional rights and powers they had enjoyed before secession. 4. In the 1866 mid-term congressional elections, Northern voters overwhelmingly rejected President Johnsons Reconstruction policies, giving Radical Republicans nearly total control of Congress. [15], The Due Process Clause prohibits state and local government officials from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without legislative authorization. In the last video we were talking about the era of reconstruction and how after the Civil War when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution outlawed slavery many Southern states enacted laws known .

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